Cystectomy (bladder removal) in Turkey : Complete guide 2025

What is a cystectomy?

A cystectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the bladder. It is indicated in serious cases where the bladder's function or integrity is compromised, such as in cases of:

• Bladder cancer, often at an advanced or aggressive stage.
• Malignant tumors from other organs that have spread to the bladder.
• Congenital malformations affecting the bladder or urinary tract.
• Severe neurological or inflammatory diseases, such as certain forms of multiple sclerosis or interstitial cystitis
• Complications from severe treatments, such as pelvic radiotherapy, that have irreversibly damaged the bladder

Complications from severe treatments, such as pelvic radiotherapy, that irreversibly damage the bladder.

Although cystectomy is now a well-established procedure, it remains a major operation that can be difficult for frail or elderly patients to tolerate. The surgery does not stop with the removal of the bladder. It also involves installing an alternative system to allow urine to continue flowing.

In the case of bladder cancer, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are key to maximizing the chances of recovery. The sooner the operation, the more effective the treatment options and the lower the risk of complications.

Don't leave yourself in doubt. Contact our medical coordinators today for a free, discreet, and personalized assessment.

Types of bladder removal surgery

Depending on the severity of the pathology and the patient's overall health, the surgeon may recommend one of three options:

Partial cystectomy

This involves removing only part of the bladder wall, typically around the tumor. This option is reserved for well-localized lesions and, in some cases, allows for preserving natural urinary function.

Total cystectomy

In this case, the entire bladder is removed. This surgery is often necessary in cases of invasive cancer or a severely damaged bladder. A urinary diversion, such as a neo-vessel or urostomy, is placed to evacuate urine.

Radical cystectomy

This is the most extensive form of surgery. In addition to the bladder, it involves the removal of surrounding organs likely affected by the cancer:

• In men, it involves the removal of the bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens.
• In women, it involves the removal of the bladder, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and sometimes part of the vagina.

This surgery is often combined with lymph node dissection, which involves removing the lymph nodes around the bladder.

How is a cystectomy performed in Turkey?

Depending on the extent and severity of the cancer, different techniques may be used to perform a cystectomy in Turkey:

• Open surgery: This is the most traditional, invasive method and involves large incisions in the abdomen to gain access to the bladder. This technique is becoming less common due to technological advances in surgical techniques.
• Laparoscopic cystectomy: Unlike open surgery, the laparoscopic approach does not involve a large incision. Instead, small incisions are made in the abdomen through which the surgeon inserts instruments. The procedure is then performed using a flexible optical instrument equipped with a light and camera.
• Robotic-assisted surgery: This technique follows the same principle as laparoscopic surgery: The surgeon uses a robotic system to make several small incisions in the abdomen.

However, the surgery is performed using robotic arms that are controlled by the surgeon from a special console. This technique allows for greater precision and better control of surgical margins.

You should discuss this with your urologic surgeon beforehand to determine the best surgical approach.

Post-cystectomy urinary diversion

After removing the bladder, the surgeon installs a urinary diversion system to create a new urinary orifice that enables urine to exit the body. There are several types, which are chosen according to the patient's general condition, age, functional capabilities, and the reason for the operation.

• Neovessis: a new bladder is reconstructed from a segment of intestine, enabling urination by the natural route.
• Cutaneous diversion with urostomy: urine is extricated through an external pouch affixed to the skin.
• Ileal conduit (Bricker): The ureters are connected to a segment of intestine. This segment opens onto the skin. It enables evacuation into a pouch.

The choice of urinary diversion technique depends on balancing comfort, autonomy, and safety, as defined in consultation with the patient.

Urinary shunt care

The type of shunt used (external pouch, ileal conduit, or neovessie) determines the necessary care. You will be guided through the process.

• Learn how to clean and maintain the device.
• Handle emptying and bag changes.
• Overcome the unexpected.

Our team will train you on simple procedures so you can quickly regain your self-confidence.

Rehabilitation and postoperative care in Turkey

A cystectomy is a major operation that requires rigorous monitoring and personalized support. Several aspects are essential to ensure a good recovery in the post-operative period.

Rehabilitation and return to autonomy

From the first days after the operation, a dedicated team (urologist, physiotherapist, and specialized nurse) will accompany the patient to:

• Facilitate muscular recovery
• Avoid complications associated with immobilization
• Learn gestures adapted to the type of urinary diversion in place (external pouch or internal neo-bladder).
• Gradually regain full independence in terms of mobility, hygiene, and eating.

The goal is to help each patient adapt to his or her new bodily environment.

Psychological and emotional support

Losing your bladder can have a significant emotional impact. It's normal to experience anxiety, doubt, or a sense of loss. In Turkey, we offer personalized psychological support to help you:

• Better understand and accept body changes
• Regain a positive self-image
• Regain confidence in your social, intimate, and professional life.

Whether you are considering a cystectomy or are in the recovery phase, don't hesitate to seek professional advice. Our partner clinics in Turkey are recognized for their expertise and offer comprehensive support from diagnosis to post-operative rehabilitation.

Contact us today for a free, personalized, and confidential teleconsultation.

Late risks and complications

Although cystectomy is essential in certain serious medical cases, it can have lasting consequences on quality of life, particularly concerning urinary and sexual function. Understanding these risks can help you prepare for and manage them more effectively.

Impaired sexual function

In men, cystectomy often involves removing the prostate. This can lead to partial or total loss of erectile function. Specialized care, such as treatment, sex therapy, and psychological support, may be required to preserve the patient's intimate life.

In women, bladder removal is sometimes combined with the partial or total removal of the vagina, uterus, and ovaries. This can affect sexuality and fertility. Psychological support and vaginal reconstruction options may be offered.

Changes in urinary continence

Regardless of the type of urinary diversion used (stoma, neo-bladder, ileal conduit, etc.),one's ability to control urine output may be impaired.

• Most patients maintain a certain degree of continence during the day, especially with a neo-bladder.
• However, at night, it is often necessary to wake up and empty the bladder to prevent leakage.

For an external urinary stoma, wearing a collecting bag becomes necessary. This requires adapting to daily life, which can be more difficult for frail or disabled individuals.

Organizing your medical stay with Turquie Santé

Having a cystectomy abroad may raise questions, but Turquie Santé takes care of every step to ensure a smooth, reassuring journey.

• For most patients from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, a visa is not required. If necessary, our teams can assist you with all the formalities.
• Enjoy reduced waiting times with no need to wait weeks for an appointment or operation date. In just a few days, your treatment program will be up and running.
• We can arrange accommodation in comfortable hotels close to the clinics. (This service is available as an optional extra.)
• VIP transportation is included from the moment you arrive, including trips to and from the airport, clinic, and hotel. Everything is planned to reduce stress.
• You will benefit from hospitalization in a highly medicalized environment with attentive staff and modern protocols.
• Post-operative follow-up is rigorous, even after you return home, so you're never alone in your recovery.