Cystoscopy is an endoscopic procedure that provides direct visualization of the bladder and urethra. Using a cystoscope, a thin, flexible instrument equipped with a light source and camera, the physician can examine the bladder and urethral lining in detail. This examination is indicated for the diagnosis and evaluation of various urological pathologies, including recurrent urinary tract infections, hematuria (blood in the urine),tumors, and urinary stones.