Arteriopathy obliterans, also known as arterial occlusive disease, refers to a medical condition marked by the gradual narrowing or complete blockage of arteries, impacting blood flow and potentially leading to severe complications.
Arteriopathy obliterans in Turkey presents a multifaceted healthcare challenge, prompting the development of advanced diagnostic methods and treatment modalities tailored to the country's diverse patient population and healthcare infrastructure.
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Arteriosclerosis obliterans is a vascular disease that mainly affects the arteries of the lower limbs. It is characterized by a progressive narrowing of these arteries due to the accumulation of atheromatous plaques (fatty deposits).
This reduces blood flow and can lead to leg pain, cramps and even ulcers, especially during physical activity.
Although the lower limbs are most commonly affected, the disease can also affect the arteries of the upper limbs, as well as those that supply other organs such as the stomach, intestines or kidneys.
Obliterate arteriosclerosis results from the gradual accumulation of fatty deposits (atheromatous plaques) in the arterial walls. This phenomenon, known as atherosclerosis, is favored by several factors, including :
The symptoms of PAD vary, but intermittent claudication is one of the most common. It is characterized by muscle pain, cramps or fatigue in the legs during exertion (walking, climbing stairs),which disappears at rest.
Other symptoms may also occur, such as:
In some cases, arterial occlusive disease may be asymptomatic.
The diagnosis of obliterative arteriopathy is based on several tests:
Treatments for obliterative arterial disease aim to improve blood circulation and relieve symptoms. Therapeutic approaches in Turkey include
The initial treatment of PAD is based on medications, including:
Lifestyle changes play an important role in the treatment of AOMI:
Obliterative arterial disease of the lower limbs (OADL),characterized by narrowing of the leg arteries, may require surgical intervention when medical treatment proves inadequate.
The choice of surgical technique depends on several factors, including:
Three main surgical techniques are used to treat IMA:
In this procedure, an inflatable balloon is inserted through a small incision, usually in the groin, to widen the narrowed artery. A stent (a small metal device) is often placed to keep the artery open. Stents can be plain or coated with a drug to prevent the narrowing from recurring.
Angioplasty is a less invasive procedure than other techniques and is often done under local anesthesia. However, there is a risk of long-term narrowing of the artery, which sometimes requires further intervention.
This procedure removes the atheromatous plaque (fatty buildup) that is blocking the artery. It is usually performed on large caliber arteries (hips, thighs).
Endarterectomy is an effective technique for large lesions. However, it is a more extensive procedure than angioplasty, requiring general anesthesia and a larger incision.
Bypass surgery consists of creating a "detour" using a piece of vein or a synthetic graft to connect the two ends of the diseased artery. This technique is used when lesions are too long or too complex to be treated by angioplasty or endarterectomy.
This technique permanently restores circulation. However, it is a more complex procedure that requires general anesthesia and a longer hospital stay.
The choice of the most appropriate technique is made in consultation with the vascular surgeon, depending on the characteristics of each patient and the disease.
Surgical treatment of AOMI aims to:
It's important to note that every patient is unique and the results of surgery may vary. Don't hesitate to ask your doctor in Turkey any questions you may have to better understand the different treatment options available to you.
For PAOD, avoid fatty foods, especially red meat. Prefer white meats, fish, vegetables, fruits, and a diet rich in olive oil for its heart-healthy benefits.
Moderate activities like walking, swimming, indoor cycling, and gentle exercise help improve blood flow and leg strength, supporting better heart and vascular health.
Arteriopathy obliterans can develop from the age of 50, especially in people with risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, hypertension or a poor lifestyle. However, it can sometimes appear earlier in cases of genetic predisposition or high risk.
Doppler is an effective first-line examination for detecting obliterative peripheral arterial disease (“PAD”). It enables blood flow to be assessed and obstructions to be localized. However, additional tests such as angiography may be required for a precise diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan.
Yes. If risk factors like smoking, diabetes, or high blood pressure aren’t controlled, obliterative arterial disease can recur or worsen. Long-term success depends on lifestyle changes, regular follow-up, and adherence to treatment.
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