Coronary angioplasty is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure to restore the patency of a blood vessel through the use of a balloon catheter and sometimes the insertion of a cardiac stent (a small metal tube with an expandable mesh that serves to maintain the effects of the balloon).
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Also known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),coronary angioplasty is a minimally invasive cardiac procedure designed to restore blood flow in narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. These obstructions are usually caused by atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of fatty deposits (cholesterol plaques) on the inner walls of the arteries.
During the procedure, a small catheter with a balloon is inserted through an artery, typically at the wrist (radial artery) or in the groin (femoral artery). Once the catheter is positioned at the site of the obstruction, the balloon is inflated to crush the plaque and restore blood flow. In most cases, a stent (a small, expandable metal coil) is inserted to keep the artery open long term.
Angioplasty is a cardiac catheterization technique. It is guided by X-ray imaging and requires the injection of a contrast medium to visualize the arteries in real time.
Coronary arteries transport oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, or myocardium. The heart no longer receives sufficient oxygen when these arteries become narrowed or blocked. This can lead to serious, sometimes life-threatening, complications.
This is often due to atherosclerosis, a degenerative disease caused by the buildup of cholesterol plaque on the inner walls of the arteries. Over time, these plaques reduce or block blood flow, which prevents the heart from functioning properly.
If left untreated, the lack of oxygen can result in the deterioration of part of the heart muscle, leading to a myocardial infarction.
This is when coronary angioplasty becomes essential. It is generally indicated for:
If you experience any of the following symptoms, consult a cardiologist immediately:
When in doubt, seeking prompt medical advice is crucial to prevent serious complications.
Preparing for a coronary angioplasty involves undergoing a series of tests and analyses and following the cardiologist's instructions. Patients must not eat for eight hours before the procedure.
On the day of the procedure, the medical team prepares the operating room and ensures the patient's comfort. The procedure generally lasts around two hours and is performed under local anesthesia, meaning the patient remains awake but feels no pain.
The cardiologist inserts a very fine catheter into the affected artery, typically through an access port in the wrist or groin. The catheter has a balloon that is positioned precisely at the narrowed or blocked area. Once in place, the balloon is gently inflated to a suitable diameter (between two and five millimeters) to crush the atherosclerotic plaque, widen the artery, and restore normal blood flow. Then, the balloon is deflated and removed.
Intracoronary imaging technologies, such as OCT (optical coherence tomography) or IVUS (intravascular ultrasound),are often used to optimize the precision of the procedure. These tools enable the cardiologist to examine the interior of the artery in great detail, evaluate the extent of the plaque, and adjust the placement of balloons and stents.
In some cases, surgery involves placing a coronary stent to protect the artery and prevent blockage. After the procedure, the patient is monitored for a few hours and discharged the following day.
As with any medical procedure, coronary angioplasty carries risks and potential complications that are important to be aware of.
The most common risks include:
Restenosis, or the progressive narrowing of the treated artery, can occur in certain cases, generally in the months following the procedure. When this happens, further angioplasty with stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting may be required.
Our partner clinics in Turkey are equipped with the latest interventional cardiology technologies and have highly specialized medical teams for coronary treatment. Each patient receives personalized care and rigorous monitoring before, during, and after the procedure.
Following angioplasty, most patients are admitted for an overnight stay to ensure optimal clinical follow-up. The medical team carefully monitors the patient's condition and any immediate side effects. In most cases, patients are safely discharged home or to a hotel the following morning.
When stents are fitted, combined antiplatelet treatment (usually aspirin and clopidogrel) is prescribed to prevent clots from forming on the stents. This dual therapy is essential for the first few months, after which it is reduced at the recommendation of the attending cardiologist. Regular medical follow-up is recommended to adjust the treatment as your health evolves.
Recovery from angioplasty is generally rapid. Depending on your condition, you can gradually resume daily activities, including moderate physical activity, in the days following the procedure. Whether you can return to work depends on the type of job you have and your overall health. Your doctor will tell you exactly when and how you can safely return to your normal routine.
Coronary angioplasty is not the best option for every patient with coronary artery disease. Several alternatives exist that are adapted to the severity of the disease and the medical profile of each patient.
This surgical procedure involves creating a bypass around blocked arteries using grafts taken from the patient's vessels. CABG is recommended for patients with extensive coronary disease and several blocked arteries, or when angioplasty is not possible or effective.
For certain patients with stable coronary disease, drug therapy may be preferred. This includes antiplatelet agents, statins to control cholesterol, beta-blockers, and other drugs to reduce cardiac workload and prevent complications.
In addition to conventional angioplasty, innovative techniques such as atherectomy (the mechanical removal of plaque) and bioabsorbable stenting are available at certain specialized centers. The option chosen depends on the nature and location of the lesions.
Comprehensive management includes cardiac rehabilitation programs, a healthy diet, and supervised physical activity to improve cardiovascular health and reduce future risks.
At Turquie Santé, we offer direct access to the best accredited and rigorously selected cardiology clinics. Thanks to our network of trusted partners, you benefit from transparent, negotiated prices with no intermediaries for a safe coronary angioplasty.
The average cost of angioplasty with stenting in Turkey is around €1,900. This includes the cost of the procedure, hospitalization, necessary tests, and medical follow-up.
If you or a loved one has heart disease, you can request a free teleconsultation with Turkey's top cardiologists. Expert medical advice is just a click away, wherever you are.
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