Spinal surgery in Turkey | Back & spine treatments 2025

What is spinal surgery?

Spinal surgery encompasses all procedures performed on the spine, whether at the cervical (neck),thoracic (mid-back),or lumbar (lower back) level. Its main goal is to relieve chronic pain, correct postural abnormalities, or decompress nerves that are affecting mobility or neurological function.

Surgery is generally considered when conventional treatments (medication, physical therapy, injections, etc.) no longer provide effective relief. Some of the most common conditions treated surgically include:

• Herniated disc (lumbar or cervical): compression of a nerve due to a displaced or worn disc.
• Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal): causes pain and numbness.
• Scoliosis and kyphosis: spinal deformities, often degenerative or congenital in origin.
• Spondylolisthesis: slippage of one vertebra over another.
• Vertebral fractures: caused by trauma or bone fragility (osteoporosis).
• Spinal tumors or infections: which may require decompression or spinal stabilization.

When should spinal surgery be considered?

Spinal surgery is generally only considered after non-surgical treatments such as medication, infiltrations or physiotherapy have failed. It becomes necessary when symptoms persist or worsen, affecting your daily autonomy.

Warning signs:

• Chronic or acute pain radiating into the legs or arms
• Numbness, tingling or loss of feeling
• Muscle weakness or difficulty walking, sitting or standing up straight
• Urinary or faecal incontinence, signs of severe nerve compression
• Neurological disorders associated with herniated discs, stenosis or spinal instability

When these symptoms impact your quality of life and no longer respond to conservative treatments, surgical evaluation is recommended.

Thanks to our network of experienced back surgery specialists in Turkey, you can benefit from personalized medical advice to determine whether an operation is necessary. Our experts can help you make a clear and reliable diagnosis remotely or on-site. 

Spinal surgery techniques

Spinal surgery includes a variety of techniques, each tailored to the specific condition and severity of symptoms. In Turkey, our partner clinics use advanced approaches—from minimally invasive procedures to robotic-assisted surgeries—to ensure maximum safety and optimal results.

• Laminectomy: This procedure involves removing part of the vertebra (the lamina and sometimes the spinous process) to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. It is often recommended in cases of severe spinal stenosis.
• Spinal fusion (Arthrodesis): This technique fuses two or more vertebrae using bone grafts, screws, or plates to stabilize the spine. It is commonly used for spinal instability or following a laminectomy.
• Discectomy: When a herniated disc compresses a nerve, part of the disc can be removed to relieve pain and prevent further neurological complications.
• Decompression surgery: This approach aims to remove any structure compressing the spinal cord or nerve roots, such as bone spurs (osteophytes),thickened tissue, or cysts. It is often combined with a laminectomy or discectomy.
• Artificial disc replacement: A damaged disc is replaced with a mobile prosthesis that preserves spinal flexibility. This modern technique is suitable in selected cases of disc degeneration without instability.
• Endoscopic spine surgery: This method uses a small endoscopic tube to visualize and treat the spine through tiny incisions, minimizing tissue damage.
• Robot-assisted or navigation-guided spinal surgery: Used for complex cases, especially in the cervical spine or craniovertebral junction reconstructions. It relies on real-time navigation systems (CT or MRI) to provide maximum precision during the procedure.
• Minimally invasive spinal surgery: Suitable for certain herniated discs, degenerative disc diseases, or localized spinal tumors. It reduces muscle trauma and significantly shortens hospital stays and recovery time. However, it is typically considered only after conservative treatments have failed.

The choice of surgical technique depends on the patient's condition and the location of the spinal stenosis or herniated disc. It is essential to discuss with your surgeon the benefits and risks of each technique to determine the most suitable option for your case.

Which spinal surgery technique should I choose?

The choice of spinal surgery technique depends on several factors: the exact location of the condition, the severity of the symptoms, the patient's overall health, and their medical history.

A thorough consultation with a spine surgery specialist is essential to evaluate the different options, carefully weighing the expected benefits against potential risks. The goal is to offer a personalized solution tailored to your specific condition and expectations.

With Turquie Santé, you benefit from customized support from the diagnostic stage onward, with a multidisciplinary team of experts capable of developing a precise treatment plan in line with international standards.

Possible complications after spinal surgery

Surgical procedures on the spine are among the most delicate in the medical-surgical field. They are performed near major nerve structures, requiring heightened vigilance due to the risk of mechanical, neurological, or infectious complications.

Although such complications are relatively rare, their occurrence depends on the type of surgery, the patient's health condition, and the quality of medical care. These potential complications may include:

• Persistent pain at the bone graft site: 5 to 10% of cases.
• Postoperative infections (superficial or deep): 2 to 6%.
• Risks related to general anesthesia: less than 2% across all procedures.
• Migration or failure of implants (screws, rods, cages): about 1 to 3%.
• Urinary or sexual dysfunction due to nerve damage: less than 1%.
• Facet joint syndrome: 10 to 20% depending on the case, especially after spinal fusion.
• Pseudarthrosis (lack of bone fusion): up to 10% depending on age and comorbidities.
• Injury to the spinal cord or nerves: very rare, less than 0.5%, but potentially serious.

Turquie Santé prevention measures

To minimize these risks, Turquie Santé's partner clinics apply rigorous protocols inspired by international best practice:

• Complete pre-operative assessment with high-precision imaging (MRI, CT scan, 3D planning).
• Strict selection of surgical indications, after multidisciplinary consultation.
• Use of minimally invasive techniques and computer-assisted navigation for greater precision.
• Sterile operating theatres equipped with advanced air filtration systems to limit infections.
• Close post-operative follow-up with physiotherapists specialized in spinal rehabilitation.
• Targeted antibiotic prophylaxis and optimal pain management.

Although spinal surgery involves risks, the majority of procedures performed in Turkey deliver highly satisfactory results, with complication rates below the international average, thanks to experienced teams and state-of-the-art technology.

What to expect after spine surgery

Even with the most advanced techniques, spinal surgery does not guarantee instant recovery. It's essential to maintain realistic expectations regarding healing time, residual pain, and the gradual return to mobility.

Postoperative pain

Some pain in the operated area is normal after surgery, especially during the first few days. This is usually well managed with prescribed painkillers. In some cases, patients may experience tightness or residual pain for several weeks—particularly if nerves were compressed prior to the operation.

Complete pain relief may not be immediate. It can take several weeks to months, especially if pre-existing nerve damage needs time to regenerate.

Mobility & Independence

Recovery of mobility depends on the type of surgery and your initial physical condition.

• After a laminectomy or discectomy, simple activities can often be resumed within a few days.
• For spinal fusion (arthrodesis) or more complex procedures, recovery may take 6 to 12 weeks, with a gradual return to walking and back movement.

Our partner clinics in Turkey provide tailored functional rehabilitation starting as early as the first days of hospitalization, to support active and safe recovery.

What you can expect:

• Significant or complete reduction of nerve-related pain (sciatica, femoral nerve pain, etc.)
• Long-term improvement in quality of life: increased independence, better sleep, easier walking
• In some cases, visible correction of posture or spinal deformities

What surgery cannot always guarantee:

• Total elimination of all back pain
• Immediate return to a “normal” life
• Complete absence of physical limitations, especially in chronic or degenerative conditions

Setting realistic goals and committing to rehabilitation are key to a successful outcome.

What does the patient journey look like with our support?

With Turquie Santé, you benefit from comprehensive, personalized care with guaranteed support throughout your medical journey:

• Remote pre-operative consultation to understand your needs and assess the suitability of spinal surgery.
• Receipt and analysis of your medical imaging (MRI, X-rays).
• Personalized treatment plan prepared by an expert spine surgeon.
• Airport pickup and private transfer to the clinic or your accommodation.
• Hospitalization and surgery in an accredited medical facility.
• Postoperative care and light rehabilitation.
• Follow-up after your return home, including a detailed surgical report and a personalized home recovery plan.

The average stay ranges from 5 to 10 days, depending on the type of procedure performed. All transfers (airport, hotel, clinic) are included, as well as administrative assistance to simplify your visit. Accommodation is provided in 4-star hotels, with the option for a companion to stay with you.

Wondering if spinal surgery is right for you? Send us your medical reports today and receive a personalized expert opinion within 48 hours, free of charge and without obligation.
Explore your options and take the first step toward a pain-free life.